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Simulation of Reservoir Storage and Firm Yields of Three Surface-Water Supplies, Ipswich River Basin, MassachusettsWater-Resources Investigations Report 02-4278 |
A Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN (HSPF) model previously developed for the Ipswich River Basin was modified to simulate the hydrologic response and firm yields of the water-supply systems of Lynn, Peabody, and Salem-Beverly. The updated model, expanded to include a portion of the Saugus River Basin that supplies water to Lynn, simulated reservoir system storage over a 35-year period (1961-95) under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions designed to maintain seasonally varied streamflow for aquatic habitat. A firm yield was calculated for each system and each withdrawal restriction by altering demands until the system failed. This is considered the maximum withdrawal rate that satisfies demands, but depletes reservoir storage.
Simulations indicate that, under the permitted withdrawals, Lynn and Salem-Beverly were able to meet demands and generally have their reservoir system recover to full capacity during most years; reservoir storage averaged 83 and 82 percent of capacity, respectively. The firm yields for the Lynn and Salem-Beverly systems were 11.4 and 12.2 million gallons per day (Mgal/d), respectively, or 8 and 21 percent more than average 1998-2000 demands, respectively. Under permitted withdrawals and average 1998-2000 demands, the Peabody system failed in all years; thus Peabody purchased water to meet demands. The firm yield for the Peabody system is 3.70 Mgal/d, or 37 percent less than the average 1998-2000 demand.
Simulations that limit withdrawals to levels recommended by the Ipswich River Fisheries Restoration Task Group (IRFRTG) indicate that under average 1998-2000 demands, reservoir storage was depleted in each of the three systems. Reservoir storage under average 1998-2000 demands and IRFRTG-recommended streamflow requirements averaged 15, 22, and 71 percent of capacity for the Lynn, Peabody, Salem-Beverly systems, respectively. The firm-yield estimates under the IRFRTG-recommended streamflow requirements were 6.02, 1.94, and 7.69 Mgal/d or 43, 64, and 34 percent less than the average 1998-2000 demands for the Lynn, Peabody, and Salem-Beverly systems, respectively. Simulations that limit withdrawals from the Saugus River to a less stringent set of restrictions (based on an Instream Flow Incremental Methodology study) than those previously simulated indicate that the firm yield of the Lynn system is about 31 percent less than the average 1998-2000 withdrawals (7.31 Mgal/d).
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Acknowledgments
Study Area
Lynn Water-Supply System
Peabody Water-Supply System
Salem-Beverly Water-Supply System
Water Withdrawals
Water Withdrawal Restrictions
Permitted Withdrawals
Hypotheticcal Restrictions
Model Description
Model Fit to High Flows
Modifications to the HSPF Model
Structural Modifications
Lynn
Peabody
Salem-Beverly
Special Actions
Lynn
Peabody
Salem-Beverly
Simulated Reservoir Storage and Firm Yield
Lynn-Permitted Withdrawals
Lynn-Hypothetical Restrictions-IRFRTG
Lynn-Hypothetical Restrictions-SRIFIM
Peabody-Permitted Withdrawals
Peabody-Hypothetical Restrictions
Salem-Beverly-Permitted Withdrawals
Salem-Beverly-Hypothetical Restrictions
Discussion of Simulation Results
Summary
References
1. Map showing principal geographic features, model reach numbers, and locations of the Lynn, Peabody and Salem-Beverly water-supply systems, Ipswich and Saugus River Basins, Massachusetts.
2-4. Schematic diagrams showing water sources, storage reservoirs, and conveyance systems for the:
2. Lynn water-supply system
3. Peabody water-supply system
4. Salem-Beverly water-supply system
5. Graph showing monthly water demands from the Lynn, Peabody and Salem-Beverly water-supply systems, 1998-2000.
6-9. Graphs showing examples of withdrawals limited by Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN special actions.
6. Under permitted withdrawals for the Lynn water-supply system from the (A) Saugus River and (B) Ipswich River, 1989.
7. Under hypothetical restrictions for the Lynn water-supply system from the (A) Saugus River and (B) Ipswich River, 1989.
8. Under (A) permitted withdrawals and (B) hypothetical restrictions for the Peabody water-supply system from the Ipswich River, 1989.
9. Under (A) permitted withdrawals and (B) hypothetical restrictions for the Salem-Beverly water-supply system from the Ipswich River, 1989.
10-15. Graphs showing simulation results for Lynn water-supply system for 1961-95.
10. Daily reservoir storage simulated at the average 1998-2000 demands under permitted and hypothetical restrictions; (A) hydrographs and (B) duration curves.
11. Average monthly reservoir storage simulated at average 1998-2000 demands (10.6 million gallons per day) under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions.
12. Withdrawal-duration curves simulated from the (A) Ipswich River (model reach 18), and (B) Saugus River (model reach 90), under permitted and hypothetical restrictions and average 1998-2000 demands (10.6 million gallons per day).
13. Daily streamflow-duration curves simulated with no withdrawals and at 1998-2000 demands (10.6 million gallons per day) under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions at the intake locations on the (A) Ipswich River (model reach 18) and (B) Saugus River (model reach 90).
14. Average monthly volume of direct precipitation to and evaporation loss simulated at average 1998-2000 demands (10.6 million gallons per day) under (A) permitted withdrawals and (B) hypothetical restrictions.
15. Daily reservoir storage simulated at firm-yield withdrawal rates under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions.
16-21. Graphs showing simulation results for Peabody water-supply system for 1961-95.
16. Daily reservoir storage simulated at average 1998-2000 demands under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions; (A) hydrographs and (B) duration curves.
17. Average monthly reservoir storage simulated at average 1998-2000 demands (5.9 million gallons per day) under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions.
18. Withdrawal-duration curves from the Ipswich River (model reach 20) simulated at average 1998-2000 demands (5.9 million gallons per day) under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions, 1961-95.
19. Daily average streamflow-duration curves simulated with no withdrawals and at average 1998-2000 demands (5.9 million gallons per day) under permitted withdrawals, and hypothetical restrictions at the intake location on the Ipswich River (model reach 20)
20. Average monthly volume of direct precipitation and evaporation simulated at average 1998-2000 demands (5.9 million gallons per day) under (A) permitted withdrawals and (B) hypothetical restrictions.
21. Daily reservoir storage simulated at firm-yield withdrawal rates under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions.
22-27. Graphs showing simulation results for Salem-Beverly water-supply system for 1961-95.
22. Daily reservoir storage simulated at average 1998-2000 demands under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions; (A) hydrographs and (B) duration curves.
23. Average monthly reservoir storage simulated at average 1998-2000 demands (10.1 million gallons per day) under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions.
24. Withdrawal-duration curves from the Ipswich River (model reach 43) simulated at average 1998-2000 demands (10.1 million gallons per day) under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions.
25. Daily streamflow-duration curves simulated with no withdrawals and at average 1998-2000 demands (10.1 million gallons per day) under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions at the Ipswich River (total flow at model reaches 43 and 47).
26. Average monthly volume of direct precipitation and evaporation simulated at average 1998-2000 demands (10.1 million gallons per day) under (A) permitted withdrawals and (B) hypothetical restrictions.
27. Daily reservoir storage simulated at firm-yield withdrawal rates under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions.
28, 29. Graphs showing percentage of the time the Lynn, Peabody and Salem-Beverly reservoir storages equal or are less than a specific percent capacity for 1961-95.
28. At average 1998-2000 demands and under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions.
29. At firm-yield withdrawal rates and under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions.
1. Monthly water demands for Lynn, Peabody and Salem-Beverly supply systems, Ipswich and Saugus River Basins, Massachusetts, 1998-2000
2. Criteria for permitted withdrawals from the Ipswich River by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
3. Seasonal streamflow requirements recommended for fisheries protection by the Ipswich River Fisheries Restoration Task Group
4. Summary of high-flow model-fit statistics at the South Middleton and Ipswich gaging stations for Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) simulations, Ipswich River Basin, 1989-93
5. Time-series data associated with firm-yield analysis simulations that are input to and output from the Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) model (EXT SOURCES and TARGETS) through the watershed data-management (WDM) system
6. Special-action variables and quantities used to simulate inflows to surface-water supply reservoirs in the Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) model of the Ipswich River Basin
7. Average monthly and minimum daily reservoir storage simulated at average 1998-2000 demands (10.6 million gallons per day) under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions, Lynn water-supply system, 1961-95
8. Average monthly and minimum daily reservoir storage simulated at average 1998-2000 demands (5.9 million gallons per day) under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions, Peabody water-supply system, 1961-95
9. Average monthly and minimum daily reservoir storage simulated at average 1998-2000 demands (10.1 million gallons per day) under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions, Salem-Beverly water-supply system, 1961-95
10. Firm-yield estimates for three surface-water-supply systems under permitted withdrawals and hypothetical restrictions, Ipswich River Basin
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The citation for this report, in USGS format, is as follows:
Zarriello,P.J., 2002, Simulation of Reservoir Storage and Firm Yields of Three Surface-Water Supplies, Ipswich River Basin,
Massachusetts, WRI 02-4278, 56 p.
For more information about USGS activities in USGS Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center, visit the USGS Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center Home Page.